Rebound Hammer Test: Measures surface hardness and estimates compressive strength.
Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity (UPV) Test: Measures velocity of ultrasonic pulses to assess internal defects and density.
Impact Echo Test: Uses impact-generated stress waves to detect internal flaws and thickness.
Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR): Uses radar pulses to image internal structure and detect defects.
Electrical Resistivity Test: Measures electrical resistance to assess moisture content, corrosion activity, and durability.
Half-Cell Potential Test: Measures electrical potential to detect corrosion activity in reinforced concrete.
Carbonation Test: Measures depth of carbonation to assess risk of reinforcement corrosion.
Core Cutting Test: Extracts concrete cores for laboratory testing to determine compressive strength, density, and other properties. Half-Cell Potential Test
Radiography: Uses X-rays or gamma rays to image internal structure and detect defects.